Diversity-by-Design for Dependable and Secure Cyber-Physical Systems: A Survey

Diversity-based security approaches have been studied for several decades since the 1970s. The concept of diversity-by-design emerged in 1980s. Since then, diversity-based system design research has explored to provide more secure and dependable services cyber-physical systems (CPSs). In this work, we are particularly interested providing an in-depth, comprehensive survey existing approaches, their insights, associated future work directions building CPSs. This will allow us promising ways quality network based on key diversity-by-design principles those who want conduct developing CPSs using diversity as a feature. paper mainly provides: (i) common its multidisciplinary nature along with historical evolution services; (ii) principles; (iii) benefits caveats diversity-by-design; (iv) main concerns CPS environments utilizing (v) extensive discussions five different classifications; (vi) types attacks considered by approaches; (vii) overall trends evaluation methodologies used terms metrics, datasets, testbeds; (viii) lessons, gaps identified from directions.